In this article I describe the IP Internet Protocol in computer network for CCNA exam. IP Internet Protocol is related to internet layer of TCP/IP Suite model. The IP Internet Protocol provides the identity to the clients for data transfer on a network or internet. IP Internet Protocol provide the address of sender and the recipient on each data packet for transfer from one client to another client on network or internet. The IP Internet Protocol mostly used in all networks like TCP/IP network and Cisco Three layered hierarchical network.
IP Internet Protocol allow to send the data from one computer to another on any network or internet. Every device on the network identifies by the IP address which can be used for data transfer on the network or internet. When a data transferred from a client to another client the data packet contains IP address of both the sender and the recipient.
IP Internet Protocol allow the routers to forward the data packets to the destination network interface. The data packets firstly forwarded towards the gateway of the network. The gateway router decide the desirable route for the data packet. IP Internet Protocol is a connectionless protocol so there is no requirement for continue connectivity between the data sender and recipient. Multiple routing and routed protocol works with the IP Internet Protocol for data transfer from one network to another network over the internet. IP Internet Protocol works In the OSI layer at layer 3, the Networking Layer. IP Internet Protocol have two versions IPv4 and IPv6.
Routing and Routed Protocols provides the connectivity between different networks for data packets flow from one network to another network. A standard routing table is maintained by the routers for data packet flow between different networks.
Before going to learn about IP Internet Protocol in detail, we need to remember the OSI suite and TCP/IP suite model. There are many manufacturer of computer machine in the market. Initially when computers became single user public computer. The computers communicate with only same brand machines. It happens because there was no any fix standard for data transfer between different devices. It is very difficult to make communication with each other when the hardware are of different brands or company. In this article I describe the some basic part of OSI reference layer and TCP/IP Suite model basic concepts in networking with the IP Internet Protocol.
OSI reference model basic concepts
OSI reference model in computer network followed by various vendors to overcome the compatibility problem. After implementation of OSI reference model in computer network, equality maintains by all manufacturer. In 1970 the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model was created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The OSI model was meant to create inter-operable network with different manufactured devices. In this article I describe some layered approach of TCP/IP Suite model basic concepts in computer network. Before understanding the TCP/IP Suite model basic concepts it is necessary to know about the 7 layers of OSI reference model because the basic work of each layer is described in the OSI reference model. You can read the full article related to OSI reference model in computer networking here.
Importance of OSI reference model for IP Internet Protocol
Before going to know about the IP Internet Protocol. It is necessary to know the function of layers in OSI model and TCP/IP model. Initially not only hardware but software also not supported for work the different computer brand. It became very difficult for all computer users to working without implementation of OSI reference model in computer network. It is necessary then to make some common protocols for all vendors of computer. Before implementation of OSI reference model in computer network, all vendors implements their own protocols on computer hardware and software.
In networking OSI reference model became helpful. OSI reference model describes the flow of data between nodes in any network. Data from one computer application to another computer application transfer by following some common protocols. The OSI reference layer also become beneficial for troubleshooting the network problems. TCP/IP and Cisco three layered hierarchical model of Cisco became more helpful alongside the OSI reference model.
The Layered Approach in computer network
The Layered approach was the best way to make equality for all computer devices. Layers are not physical but following some protocols. Protocols are for connectivity, connections, data transfer and more. All manufacturer begin to follow the layered approach for OSI reference model in computer network. The OSI reference model change in TCP/IP reference model and later on Cisco three layered hierarchical model. OSI layer architecture have 7 layers. TCP/IP reference model convert these 7 layers into only four layers. After that Cisco three layered hierarchical model converts these 7 layers into three layers. Some layers combined to work in a single layer.
OSI is acronym for open system interconnection. The OSI is a logical reference OSI reference model in computer network. OSI model helps for data flow between different devices and operating systems. All manufacturer used their own architecture before invention of OSI reference model. It was very difficult to establish data communication between different devices. To overcome this problem international organization for standardization (ISO) created the open systems interconnection (OSI) reference model. OSI reference model make data flow possible between different operating system, devices and hardware. Later the OSI model adopted by Cisco as Cisco three layered hierarchical model.
Structure of OSI reference model related to IP Internet Protocol
OSI reference model in computer network consist of 7 layers. These 7 layers further divided into two groups. First 3 layers works for application communication and remaining 4 layers works for data flow. Application, presentation and session layers define the application communication. Transport, network, data link and physical layers define the data flow. Networking protocols works only on last four layers.
TCP/IP Suite model basic concepts forIP Internet Protocol
TCP/IP is acronym for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP suite model). In this section of the article I describe about TCP/IP suite model basic concepts in detail. TCP/IP suite model is a reference model like OSI layers. Instead of 7 layers of OSI reference model. TCP/IP suite model consist only four layer. All seven layers are merged into four layers only. TCP/IP suite model was designed and implemented by Department of Defence (DoD). TCP/IP developed to preserve data integrity.
The main purpose to develop the TCP/IP is to provide security in the network. A lots of protocols works on each layer to provide a secure network.
It is necessary to understood the protocols used in TCP/IP Suite model basic concepts. IP addressing play an important role in TCP/IP Suite model basic concepts. By using the IP address and subnet masking broadcast domain breaks. It will improve the performance of the network. Breaking broadcast domain increase the data flow speed. Here IP stands for IPV4 only. We ignore the IPV6 for some time in this article. It will make it easy to understand the TCP/IP Suite model basic concepts.
A snap of TCP/IP Suite model basic concepts
In the decade of 1970’s TCP/IP suite model developed by DoD. In the initial stage TCP/IP suite model divided into two segments TCP and IP. Later its name registered with combined name of TCP and IP like TCP/IP model. ARPA, the Advanced Research Projects Agency of DoD officially authorised to use TCP/IP suite model. TCP/IP model was working well so it was adopted by many organisations. In today scenario it is mostly using reference model for networking. Internet is the best example of using TCP/IP.
Process or Application layer of DoD model in TCP/IP Suite model
This is the first layer of TCP/IP of DoD model. It is combination of top three layers of OSI reference model. The functions of Application layer, presentation layer and session layer in OSI model works in single layer process layer. This layer supports the point to point communication and controls the user interface. The data encryption and decryption also done at this layer. Example of some protocols functions at this layer are TLS Transport Layer Security, FTP, LPD, TFTP, SMTP.
Transport layer of DoD model in TCP/IP Suite model
Transport layer of TCP/IP is same as the Transport layer of OSI reference model. It supports the TCP and UDP protocol. This protocol converts the main data segment into packets and transport to the internet layer. The responsibility of Transport layer is to combine the segments and built the data. The data should be reconstruct in its real form. Transport layer is also responsible for creating end-to-end communication between sender and receiver. This layer ensure the delivery of segment in sequence at the receiving device. This property maintains the data integrity.
Internet layer of DoD model in TCP/IP Suite model
Internet layer of TCP/IP is similar to the network layer of OSI reference model. Routing protocols functions on Internet layer of TCP/IP model. Addressing and filtering of packets is main responsibility of Internet layer of TCP/IP model. This layer provides the transmission of packet in the whole network. Some example of protocols functions on internet layer are ICMP, ARP and IP.
Link layer of DoD model in TCP/IP Suite model
Link layer is the least layer of TCP/IP. Basically link layer is combination of data link and physical layer of OSI reference model. Link layer is also known as Network Access layer. It works on MAC address based data transmission. Link layer handles the frame and bits. It receive the bits and constructs frame from merging bits in a sequence. In case of any bit is missing this layer request to re transmit the bits. Ethernet, FDDI, WAP etc functions on this layer. There is no any preset specification for link layer. Link layer functions on any type of existing media.
IP Internet Protocol Explained in brief
IP Internet Protocol is an internet layer protocol in TCP/IP suite model. The IP Internet Protocol identifies the devices as source and destination on internet. The IP Internet Protocol is a connectionless protocol. IP Internet Protocol store the address information of devices connected in a network. It is not possible to create a network without IP Protocol address system.
IP protocol provides the feature of delivery datagrams and packets in a network. IP Protocol is a connection less protocol. It is not necessary to make connection between sender and receiver to transfer data. Internet protocol transfer the data between two devices on internet without making any connection between users. IP Protocol is of two versions IPv4 and IPv6.
Function of IP Internet Protocol
IP Protocol delivers packets between source and destination on bases of IP address. IP protocol encapsulate the data with packet header and label at various layers. After encapsulation the data converted into datagram.
Each datagram is composition of two components a header and a payload. IP address of source and destination are included with IP header. Payload is the data which is delivered to destination. Each host and router performed IP routing in the network. IP routing do the transport of packets in the network.
Some important points on Internet Protocol
As mentioned above IP Protocol is a connectionless protocol. We can say IP Protocol is not reliable. To maintain the reliability TCP and UDP protocols are used. TCP is connection oriented and reliable protocol.
Data integrity and reliability is the responsibility of TCP protocol in a network. At another side the UDP protocol is connectionless and not reliable protocol. Both TCP and UDP are used for different purpose on internet. IP protocol transfers the datagram in a network. These datagrams have variable length. Datagram consist two parts one is header, and another is payload.
In this article I describe the IP Internet Protocol in computer network for CCNA Eam. I hope you found this article helpful for any query or suggestions you may drop a comment below or contact us. Your suggestions are always welcome by us.
