In this article I describe the Subnetting Basics for CCNA in computer networking. The subnetting is also used for subnetting of internetworking at the ISP level. Now the term subnet mask is related to Subnetting Basics for CCNA in computer networking. Subnetting of IP address is most important term in networking. In view of CCNA exam subnetting of IP address in computer networking may be helpful to increase the score. In this article I give a brief discussion about Subnetting Basics for CCNA. So let’s start the topic.
What is subnetting of ip address in Subnetting Basics for CCNA?
Subnetting of IP address in computer networking breaks a big network into small network virtually. These network behave like separate network in inter-networking. When two or more networks connect with each other via a router, it is called inter-networking. What to do within a network where all devices connected with a switch.
We know router works on layer 3 network layer and switches works on layer 2 data link layer. So how to create separate networks in a LAN. Taking borrow the host bits with network bits creates subnetting. Subnetting creates sub-network of a large network. The devices of different sub-networks can not communicate with each other.
Requirement for subnetting of ip address in computer network.
We know the IP address scheme identifies as Class of IP address. IP addressing is basic requirement for subnetting. There are two parts of IP addressing when we configure IP address in any device. The first one is IP address and second is subnet mask.
Subnet mask defines the class of IP address. Subnet mask address breaks big network into small networks. Subnetting basics requirement are depend on required network and hosts. How many networks are required to create in a LAN? How many hosts are required in a subnet. These two figures are basic requirement to create subnetting. Next part is calculation to create the subnet mask for each network.
Classes of IP address for subnetting of IP address in computer networking.
IP address are classified by three types Classfull, VLSM and CIDR. Here VLSM stands for Variable Length Subnet Mask. CIDR stands for Classless Inter Domain Routing.
Subnetting created in all three types of IP address. We know the classes of IP address are Class A, B, C, D and E. These class belongs to classfull address system. IP address became classless with VLSM and CIDR. The bits of subnet mask breaks into smaller parts in VLSM and CIDR.
Requirement for creating subnetting of IP addresses in computer networking.
We know network ID and host ID are basic need to create a network. Similarly to create subnetting in a network, network ID for each subnet is required.
Second thing is required maximum host in any subnet. These two requirements are for a LAN. In case of WAN the network ID or each network and host ID on each interface of Router required. We need to explain some example to understand the subnetting Basics for CCNA. let’s see the subnetting of Class C network.
Subnetting of Class C network
In this section I will provide a brief description of subnetting for class C network. Keep remember this subnetting is for classfull address system. Remember the range of IP address in a class C network. It is from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255. the subnet mask is fixed 255.255.255.0 for a classfull class C IP address.
In this IP address we have only 8 bits for host. For creating subnetting we have only 8 bits to manipulate. Lets begin the subnetting for class c network. Do not be panic by reading so many mathematical expressions in this article. Once you go through them all terms understood easily.
Denoting the IP address for subnetting
Here we denote the subnet mask by a fix number. We know that subnet mask is of 32 bits. When we assign subnet mask to a host we write full figure like “255.0.0.0”, “255.255.0.0” etc.
Actually 1 bits denote the network ID only and remaining 0 bits used for host ID. We can write the subnet mask 255.0.0.0 like /8. the subnet mask 255.255.0.0 as /16 . the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 like /24. Here the number after / shows the on bits for network ID. These numbers known as CIDR.
In class C the subnet is 255.255.255.0 or we can say /24. Here first 24 bits remain on always. We have only remaining 8 bits for creating subnetting. So the subnets will be /25 , /26 , /27 , /28 etc.
For each subnet the number of Hosts became less. For /25 subnet we have on 7 bits for hosts. Keep in mind that total number of network and hosts always remains 32.
Factors to know before creating subnetting of IP address in computer networking
You have to know five things before going to subnetting of IP address in computer networking.
1. The number of subnets required. How many networks you want to create. In a subnet mask the masked bits are use to know the subnets. For example in a class C address for /26 mask we have 2 bits on and remaining 6 bits are available for hosts. Here number of subnets is 22=4. It means if we use first two bits of host we can create 4 subnets. Similarly for a /27 mask we have 3 bits masked. For /27 we have 23=8 subnets.
2. The numbers of hosts in each subnet. In above para you know the valid subnets by using the masked bits. Similarly to know the numbers of hosts in each subnet can be calculated by using hosts bits. For example for a /26 mask we have only 6 bits for hosts. So here the numbers of hosts ID is 26=64. we have to leave 2 ID for network ID and broadcast ID. So in a /26 mask 26-2=62 hosts per subnet are available.
3. The numbers of valid subnets known as block size. A simple formula is used to get the valid subnets. 256-subnet mask= valid subnets. For a mask /28 the decimal value is “255.255.255.240”. Here the block size will be 256-240=16. So the block size of a /28 mask is 16. It means there are 16 subnets in a /28 mask.
4. The number of valid hosts in each subnet. The simple formula to know the valid host in a subnet is Block size-2= valid hosts. In a 4 block size the valid hosts are only 2 in each subnet. Remaining 2 ID will be used for subnet ID and Broadcast ID.
5. The broadcast address or each subnet. The last address in each subnet will be broadcast address. For example for a /30 mask we have only 22=4 valid host ID. The last Host ID will be used for broadcast ID in this subnet. For example for a block size of 4 the valid host are 1,2 because 0 is the subnet ID and 3 is the broadcast ID. Another example for a 64 block we have 0 to 63 Host ID in first block. So here the broadcast ID for first block will be 63. in next block the broadcast ID is 127 and so on.
Subnetting of Class C /25 network
It is clear that a /25 mask provides remaining 7 bits for host ID and first bit is reserved for network. The last octate of /27 is like 10000000 the subnet mask looks like 255.255.255.128. Calculate the five terms discussed above for /27 masked network. Number of subnets are 21=2. It means there will be only two subnets created by /27 mask.
Number of hosts per subnet are 27-2=126. The valid subnets or block size is 256-128=128. The valid subnet Id are 0 to 128 here. The broadcast ID for each subnet is the last ID of subnet. Here for first block the broadcast ID is 127 and for second block broadcast ID is 255. conclusion for /25 mask subnetting is that /25 subnet have two blocks.
Subnetting Basics for CCNA in brief
Subnetting basics is most important term in networking. In view of CCNA exam subnetting is helpful to increase the score. In this article i describe you only the basic requirements for subnetting in a network. A brief discussion about subnetting will take place later. I hope you know something about subnetting basics before come to this article. These previous knowledge of subnetting will helpful to understand subnetting.
What is subnetting?
Subnetting breaks a big network into small network virtually. These network behave like separate network in inter-networking. When two or more networks connect with each other via a router, it is called inter-networking. What to do within a network where all devices connected with a switch. We know router works on layer 3 network layer and switches works on layer 2 data link layer. So how to create separate networks in a LAN. Taking borrow the host bits with network bits creates subnetting.
Requirement for subnetting in a network.
We know the IP address scheme known as class of IP address. IP addressing is basic requirement for subnetting. There are two parts of IP addressing when we configure IP address in any device. The first one is IP address and second is subnet mask. Subnet mask defines the class of IP address. Subnet mask address breaks big network into small networks. Subnetting basics requirement are depend on required network and hosts. How many networks required to create in a LAN? How many hosts required in a subnet. These two figures are basic requirement to create subnetting. Next part is calculation to create the subnet mask for each network.
Classes of IP address for subnetting basics
IP address are classified by three types classfull, VLSM and CIDR. Here VLSM stands for Variable Length Subnet Mask. CIDR stands for Classless Inter Domain Routing. Subnetting created in all three types of IP address. We know the classes of IP address are Class A, B, C, D and E. These class belongs to classfull address system. With VLSM and CIDR IP address became classless. The bits of subnet mask breaks into smaller parts in VLSM and CIDR.
Requirement for creating subnetting in a network.
We know network ID and host ID are basic need to create a network. Similarly to create subnetting in a network network ID for each subnet is required. Second thing required maximum host in any subnet. These two requirements are for a LAN. In case of WAN the network ID or each network and host ID on each interface of Router.
In this article I describe some terms related to subnetting basics for CCNA exam. I hope you found this article helpful. For any query or suggestions on this topic you may drop a comment below or contact us. Your suggestions are always welcome by us.
